ABOUT CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE
The carotid arteries are the main arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain. The plaque that leads to carotid artery disease is made up of deposits of cholesterol and other fatty substances. Over time, this plaque buildup causes the arteries to narrow, which puts patients at risk for a stroke. People over the age of 65 with a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or heart disease have a higher risk of developing carotid artery disease. Most patients with carotid artery disease experience no symptoms. In fact, for many the first sign of disease is a stroke, marked by weakness or numbness on one side of the body, slurred speech, or facial drooping.
DIAGNOSIS
Carotid artery disease typically is found in a routine physical examination or after a stroke has occurred. In some cases, diagnosis stems from eye examination, when an ophthalmologist detects plaque in the artery that supplies the retina. A noninvasive carotid artery duplex scan uses ultrasound to determine whether the artery is narrowing and estimate severity. Computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or angiogram may also be used to assess the arteries.
TREATMENTS
Medications
Medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure can help to slow the progress of carotid artery disease, as well as quitting smoking. However, if imaging finds the artery to be more than 60% blocked, experts may recommend surgery.
Carotid Endarterectomy
Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove plaque buildup from the carotid arteries. Our vascular surgeons use this technique to separate the plaque from the arterial wall, improving blood flow and reducing the risk for stroke and heart attack.
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